Екологічна безпека та формування екологічної свідомості українського суспільства
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Дата
2019
Автори
Бойко, Є. О.
Сергійчук, С. І.
Терлецька, А. М.
Boyko, E. O.
Sergiychuk, S. I.
Terletska, A. M.
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Анотація
В статті доведено, що в національному контексті, зважаючи на структуру господарського комплексу і домінування в ньому ресурсоємних багатовідхідних технологій, управління відходами з точки зору безпеки суспільного розвитку виходить за рамки технологічних питань, оскільки за своєю сутністю становить комплексну проблему, що охоплює всі ключові аспекти сталого розвитку – екологічні, економічні (передусім ресурсозберігаючі) і соціальні. Відмінність ситуації в Україні полягає не стільки у великих обсягах утворення відходів, скільки у відсутності інфраструктурної бази поводження з ними.
It is established that today the main source of danger for everything existing on the planet Earth is man-made technosphere. The accidents and catastrophes that take place lead not only to human casualties, but also to the destruction of the environment, natural resources, their irreversible degradation, which in turn causes genetic changes in humans. In addition to emergencies that are accompanied by the release of toxic substances, there is a problem of permanent pollution of all environmental components: water, soil, surface layers of the atmosphere and so on. About 300 environmental, natural and man-made emergencies occur in Ukraine annually. As a result, Ukraine loses 2–2.5% of gross domestic product, which impedes the improvement of economic performance and quality of life of the population in the near term. It is proved that in the national context, given the structure of the economic complex and the dominance of resource-intensive multi-waste technologies in it, waste management from the point of view of social development goes beyond technological issues, because it is inherently a complex problem that covers all key aspects of sustainable development - environmental, economic (especially resource-saving) and social. The difference in the situation in Ukraine lies not so much in the large volumes of waste generation as in the absence of an infrastructure base for waste management. It is substantiated that the priorities of the state policy of national security in the sense of its ecological component are determined by: creation of a balanced system of nature management on the basis of introduction of ecological and economic mechanisms of economical consumption of natural resources; reduction of harmful emissions and application of environmentally safe resource- and energy-saving technologies; ensuring the effective functioning of a single state civil protection system; prevention and elimination of consequences of man-made disasters; reforming and modernizing the basic means of housing and communal services in order to create a safe living environment for the population.
It is established that today the main source of danger for everything existing on the planet Earth is man-made technosphere. The accidents and catastrophes that take place lead not only to human casualties, but also to the destruction of the environment, natural resources, their irreversible degradation, which in turn causes genetic changes in humans. In addition to emergencies that are accompanied by the release of toxic substances, there is a problem of permanent pollution of all environmental components: water, soil, surface layers of the atmosphere and so on. About 300 environmental, natural and man-made emergencies occur in Ukraine annually. As a result, Ukraine loses 2–2.5% of gross domestic product, which impedes the improvement of economic performance and quality of life of the population in the near term. It is proved that in the national context, given the structure of the economic complex and the dominance of resource-intensive multi-waste technologies in it, waste management from the point of view of social development goes beyond technological issues, because it is inherently a complex problem that covers all key aspects of sustainable development - environmental, economic (especially resource-saving) and social. The difference in the situation in Ukraine lies not so much in the large volumes of waste generation as in the absence of an infrastructure base for waste management. It is substantiated that the priorities of the state policy of national security in the sense of its ecological component are determined by: creation of a balanced system of nature management on the basis of introduction of ecological and economic mechanisms of economical consumption of natural resources; reduction of harmful emissions and application of environmentally safe resource- and energy-saving technologies; ensuring the effective functioning of a single state civil protection system; prevention and elimination of consequences of man-made disasters; reforming and modernizing the basic means of housing and communal services in order to create a safe living environment for the population.
Опис
Бойко, Є. О. Екологічна безпека та формування екологічної свідомості українського суспільства = Environmental security and the formation of environmental awareness of the ukrainian society / Є. О. Бойко, С. І. Сергійчук, А. М. Терлецька // Вісн. ХНАУ. Сер. Економічні науки. – Харків : ХНАУ ім. В. В. Докучаєва, 2019. – № 3. – С. 315–327.
Ключові слова
екологічна безпека, екологія, відходи, екологічна загроза, ecological safety, ecology, waste, environmental threat